A-level地理考试高分攻略：考试知识点解析（火山爆发）

2021-08-03 597浏览

　　A-Level课程证书被几乎所有英语授课的大学作为招收新生的入学标准。在中国开设A-Level课程旨在为中国学生提供进入国外大学的有效途径，具体目标为：培养在国内初高中成绩优秀的学生进入世界顶尖大学;培养在国内初高中成绩中等的学生进入世界一流大学;培养在国内初高中成绩一般的学生考取适合自己的大学。小编整理了考试的相关资讯，一起去看看吧。

　　Deep within the Earth it is so hot that some rocks slowly melt and become a thick flowing substance called magma. Because it is lighter than the solid rock around it, magma rises and collects in magma chambers. Eventually some of the magma pushes through vents and fissures in the Earth's surface. A volcanic eruption occurs! Magma that has erupted is called lava.

　　在地球深处，它很热，有些岩石慢慢融化，变成一种叫做岩浆的厚流物质。因为岩浆比它周围的固体岩石更轻，岩浆上升并聚集在岩浆室中。最终，一些岩浆通过地球表面的通风口和裂缝。火山爆发了!火山喷发的岩浆叫做熔岩。

　　Some volcanic eruptions are explosive and other is not. How explosive an eruption is depends on how runny or sticky the magma is. If magma is thin and runny, gases can escape easily from it. When this type of magma erupts, it flows out of the volcano. Lava flows rarely kill people because they move slowly enough for people to get out of their way. Lava flows, however, can cause considerable destruction to buildings in their path. If magma is thick and sticky, gases cannot escape easily. Pressure builds up until the gases escape violently and explode. In this type of eruption, the magma blasts into the air and breaks apart into pieces called tephra. Tephra can range in size from tiny particles of ash to house-size boulders.

　　有些火山爆发是爆炸性的，而其他不是。火山喷发的爆炸性程度取决于岩浆的流动性和粘性。如果岩浆薄而流，气体很容易从中逸出。当这种岩浆喷发时，它会从火山中流出。熔岩流很少杀死人，因为它们移动得足够慢，可以让人们离开他们的路。然而，熔岩流会对他们的建筑造成相当大的破坏。如果岩浆厚而黏稠，气体就很难逸出。压力逐渐上升，直到气体猛烈地爆炸和爆炸。在这种类型的喷发中，岩浆喷发到空气中，分解成被称为火山灰的碎片。火山灰的大小可以从灰的微小颗粒到房屋大小的巨砾。

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　　Explosive volcanic eruptions can be dangerous and deadly. They can blast out clouds of hot tephra from the side or top of a volcano. These fiery clouds race down mountainsides destroying almost everything in their path. Ash erupted into the sky falls back to Earth like powdery snow, but snow that won't melt. If thick enough, blankets of ash can suffocate plants, animals, and humans. When hot volcanic materials mix with water from streams or melted snow and ice, mudflows form. Mudflows have buried entire communities located near erupting volcanoes. Because there may be hundreds or thousands of years between volcanic eruptions, people may not be aware of a volcano's dangers. When Mount St. Helens in the State of Washington erupted in 1980, it had not erupted for 123 years. Most people thought Mount St. Helens was a beautiful, peaceful mountain and not a dangerous volcano.

　　爆炸性火山爆发可能是危险和致命的。它们可以从火山的侧面或顶部喷出炽热的火山灰云。这些炽热的云层在山坡上奔跑，几乎摧毁了他们前进道路上的一切。火山灰喷发到地球就像白雪一样，但雪不会融化。如果足够厚，毛毯的灰烬会窒息植物、动物和人类。当热火山物质与水流或融化的冰雪混合时，泥流就形成了。泥石流掩埋了火山喷发附近的整个社区。因为火山爆发之间可能有成百上千年的时间，人们可能不知道火山的危险。当华盛顿州的圣海伦火山在1980爆发时，它并没有爆发123年。大多数人认为圣海伦火山是一个美丽、和平的山峰，而不是一座危险的火山。

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