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1. Number the carbon atoms in the longest chain.
2. The numbering starts at the end that produces the lowest possible numbers in the name.
3. The hydrocarbon side-chain is named by adding –yl to the normal alkane stem. This type of group is called an alkyl group.
4. If there is more than one of the same alkyl side-chain, we indicate how many by inserting di, tri, tetra in front of its name.
5. If there is more than one type of alkyl side-chain, they are listed in alphabetical order.
6. In an alkene or alkyne, the longest carbon chain is numbered from the end that gives first carbon of the double/triple bond the lowest possible number.
四、有机分子中的化学键
sigma bond sp3 orbital hybridization
pi bond sp2 orbital hybridization
五、同分异构体
1、structural isomerism
ü functional group isomerism
alkene - cycloalkane
alcohol - ether
aldehyde - ketone
carboxylic acid – ester
ü chain isomerism
ü position isomerism
2、 stereoisomerism
ü cis-trans
ü optical
下面我们来看一道真题。
s12-qp12
解析：这道题考察的是有机分子的命名法。从penta-可以看出有5个碳原子，排除C和D，再从2号碳原子连氯原子，3号碳原子连-OH可以判断正确答案是A。
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A/OLevel
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