如何引导A Level学生主动学习（四）

2017-08-10 1815浏览

后设认知 Metacognition

后设认知，也称为元认知，简单来说，就是对自己的认知过程（包括：记忆、感知、计算、联想等各项）的思考。在改变先入之见，实现深入学习之后，我们下一步会要求学生加强对学习方法的理解。在学习的过程中，后设认知能够促使学生主动规划学习进度，监督、评估和调整自己的学习行为。后设认知包含两个部分。其一是元认知知识，指学生在面对一项具体任务时，对自己的认知能力以及可用策略的整体把控。其二是后设认知监控，即学生如何监督并控制自己的认知过程。比如，具有后设认知监控能力的学生在发现某个策略无法解决问题的时候，会有意识地去尝试其它策略。
Once a student can apply information in different contexts, they need to improve their understanding of how they learn. Metacognition involves giving students the capacity to be active in planning, monitoring, evaluating, and adjusting their own learning behaviours as they continue to learn. It involves two parts: metacognition knowledge—the students’ knowledge of their own cognitive abilities and strategies available for a specific task—and metacognition regulation, i.e. how the students monitor and control their cognitive process. For example, realising that the strategy they are using to solve a problem isn’t working and trying another one.

在剑桥国际课程中，后设认知理念的推行能够促使学生主动制定学习目标、监督自己的学习进度，真正让学生把学习掌握在自己手中。具有后设认知能力的学生能够更好地预测学习成果，提高理解能力，总结经验教训，激活应用背景知识，提前进行学习规划，合理分配时间和记忆力。
At Cambridge, this approach allows students to take control of their own learning by defining learning goals and monitoring their progress in achieving them. These metacognitive strategies work together to allow students the ability to predict outcomes, improve their understanding, learn from failure, activate background knowledge, plan ahead, and apportion time and memory.

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先入之见、深度学习和后设认知三大核心理念环环相扣，通过帮助学生加深对知识的理解，融会贯通，监督自己的学习过程，使他们成为主动学习者。随着留学申请人数的大幅增加，大学对新生也越来越挑剔。主动学习能力不仅能够帮助学生收到理想的大学录取通知书，更重要的是，这种学习方式还将帮助学生为大学和今后工作中取得成功做好准备。
These three big ideas of learning build on one another, transforming the student into an active learner with the capacity to deepen their knowledge, understand and apply it in different contexts, and monitor their learning.
Universities are becoming more selective as the pool of applicants increases. By arming our students with these skills, we are not only helping them gain more desirable offers from universities—which is the major aim for most Chinese students and parents—but also preparing them with the skills they need to succeed at university and in life beyond

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