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2、 the electrodes are rods, made from either graphite or metal; the anode is the positive electrode, and the cathode is the negative electrode
电极是导电的棒，用金属或者石墨制成，与电池的正极相连的称作阳极，与负极相连的称作阴极
3、 the power supply must be direct current
电源必须是直流电
以下三种反应是经常会考察的电解反应，所以需要在理解的基础上记忆。
extracting aluminium
at the cathode: Al3+ + 3e-→Al
at the anode: 2O2-→O2 + 4e-
overall: 2Al2O3 → 4Al + 3O2
Aluminium oxide is dissolved in cryolite (Na3AlF6). Cryolite has two functions:
ü the melting point of the electrolyte is lowered
ü it improves the electrical conductivity of the electrolyte
the electrolysis of brine
at the cathode: 2H+ + 2e-→H2
at the anode: 2Cl- →Cl2 + 2e-
overall: 2NaCl + 2H2O → 2NaOH + H2 + Cl2
the electrolytic purification of copper
at the cathode: Cu2++ 2e-→ Cu
at the anode: Cu→Cu2+ + 2e-
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